CentOS 7 安裝 blackbox-exporter

blackbox-exporter简介

blackbox-exporter项目地址：https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter

blackbox-exporter是Prometheus官方提供的一个黑盒监控解决方案，可以通过HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、ICMP、TCP和gRPC方式对目标实例进行检测。可用于以下使用场景：

HTTP/HTTPS：URL/API可用性检测
ICMP：主机存活检测
TCP：端口存活检测
DNS：域名解析

黑盒监控和白盒监控：

黑盒监控，关注的是实时状态，一般都是正在发生的事件，比如网站访问不了、磁盘无法写入数据等。即黑盒监控的重点是能对正在发生的故障进行告警。常见的黑盒监控包括HTTP探针、TCP探针等用于检测站点或者服务的可访问性，以及访问效率等。
白盒监控，关注的是原因，也就是系统内部的一些运行指标数据，例如nginx响应时长、存储I/O负载等

监控系统要能够有效的支持白盒监控和黑盒监控，通过白盒能够了解系统内部的实际运行状态，以及对监控指标的观察能够预判出可能出现的潜在问题，从而对潜在的不确定因素进行提前处理避免问题发生；而通过黑盒监控，可以在系统或服务发生故障时快速通知相关人员进行处理。

部署blackbox-exporter

下载软件包

https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz


wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

上傳安裝包


cd /tmp

解壓安裝包


mkdir -p /opt/blackbox_exporter/
tar -zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/blackbox_exporter

創建軟連接


ln -s blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64 /opt/blackbox_exporter/latest

systemctl方式開機啟動配置

創建node_exporter.service


vim /lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service

輸入以下內容：


[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/opt/blackbox_exporter/latest/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/opt/blackbox_exporter/latest/blackbox.yml --web.listen-address=:9115
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動


systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start blackbox_exporter.service
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter.service
systemctl status blackbox_exporter.service

查看


curl 127.0.0.1:9115

注意

注意檢查防火墻9115端口是否開放

blackbox-exporter实现url监控

修改Prometheus配置，添加Job，内容如下：


- job_name: 'blackbox_web_check' # web站点检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-web-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_api_get_check' #  接口返回内容检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-api-get-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_api_post_check' #  接口返回内容检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-api-post-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_post_2xx_with_body_params]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口


  - job_name: 'blackbox_port_check' #  端口检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-port-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_ping_check' # 检测是否可以ping通某些机器
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-ping-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

配置修改完成后重启Prometheus。然后在界面查看target状态。


systemctl restart prometheus.service

访问blackbox-exporter界面查看数据

參考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43266367/article/details/129110541

目录

blackbox-exporter简介

部署blackbox-exporter

blackbox-exporter实现url监控