## docker 安裝

> 創建配置文件 `config.env`
```
mkdir -p /opt/vmware_exporter
cd /opt/vmware_exporter
vim config.env
```

輸入下面內容

```
VSPHERE_USER=用户名
VSPHERE_PASSWORD=密码
VSPHERE_HOST=vmware的host
VSPHERE_IGNORE_SSL=TRUE
VSPHERE_SPECS_SIZE=2000
```

docker 啟動：
```
docker run -itd -p 9272:9272 --name vmware_exporter --env-file /opt/vmware_exporter/config.env --restart=always pryorda/vmware_exporter
```

檢查：`http://your-ip:9272`


![image.png](/static/img/4a0e418d05ddd798351136edee6cd44c.image.webp)

## docker-compose 安裝

> 創建配置文件 `docker-compose.yml`

```
mkdir -p /opt/vmware_exporter
cd /opt/vmware_exporter
vim docker-compose.yml
```

輸入下面內容

```
version: '3'
services:
  vmware-exporter:
    image: pryorda/vmware_exporter:latest
    container_name: vmware-exporter
    hostname: vmware-exporter
    restart: always
    ports:
       - '9272:9272'
    expose:
       - 9272
    environment:
      VSPHERE_HOST: "vmware的host"
      VSPHERE_IGNORE_SSL: "True"
      VSPHERE_USER: "用户名"
      VSPHERE_PASSWORD: "密码"
    labels:
      org.label-schema.group: "monitoring"


```
> 运行vmware_exporter容器
```
docker-compose up -d
```

檢查：`http://your-ip:9272`

![image.png](/static/img/4a0e418d05ddd798351136edee6cd44c.image.webp)


## 加入Prometheus 監控

編輯prometheus.yml,加入以下內容
```
- job_name: 'vmware_vcenter'
    metrics_path: '/metrics'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 'vmware_vcenter'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9272
```

重啟Prometheus
```
systemctl restart prometheus.service
```

檢查：

![image.png](/static/img/11e3561e06cebae91d67ad11d6dbb249.image.webp)





CentOS 7 Docker 安裝 vmware_exporter


首先在 Docker 官方网站下载 CentOS 所需要的 RPM 包：

https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/

> 选择如下文件：

```
docker-ce-selinux-17.03.3.ce-1.el7.noarch.rpm   
docker-ce-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm      
docker-ce-cli-19.03.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm  
containerd.io-1.2.6-3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm   
```

> 上傳rpm包到服務器指定路徑 `/opt/docker`

```
mkdir -p /opt/docker/
cd /opt/docker/

```

> 安裝
```
sudo yum install /opt/docker/*.rpm
```

>啟動docker

```
# 启动服务
sudo systemctl start docker


# 作为默认服务开启
sudo systemctl enable docker
```

CentOS 7 离线安装 Docker

## blackbox-exporter简介
blackbox-exporter项目地址：https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter

blackbox-exporter是Prometheus官方提供的一个黑盒监控解决方案，可以通过HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、ICMP、TCP和gRPC方式对目标实例进行检测。可用于以下使用场景：

- HTTP/HTTPS：URL/API可用性检测
- ICMP：主机存活检测
- TCP：端口存活检测
- DNS：域名解析


黑盒监控和白盒监控：

- 黑盒监控，关注的是实时状态，一般都是正在发生的事件，比如网站访问不了、磁盘无法写入数据等。即黑盒监控的重点是能对正在发生的故障进行告警。常见的黑盒监控包括HTTP探针、TCP探针等用于检测站点或者服务的可访问性，以及访问效率等。

- 白盒监控，关注的是原因，也就是系统内部的一些运行指标数据，例如nginx响应时长、存储I/O负载等
 
监控系统要能够有效的支持白盒监控和黑盒监控，通过白盒能够了解系统内部的实际运行状态，以及对监控指标的观察能够预判出可能出现的潜在问题，从而对潜在的不确定因素进行提前处理避免问题发生；而通过黑盒监控，可以在系统或服务发生故障时快速通知相关人员进行处理。

## 部署blackbox-exporter

>下载软件包 


![image.png](/static/img/29d57dc06b0d9a67c0b302f4e4f14dbe.image.webp)

`https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz`

```
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
```

>上傳安裝包
```
cd /tmp
```

>解壓安裝包
```
mkdir -p /opt/blackbox_exporter/
tar -zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/blackbox_exporter 
```

>創建軟連接
```
ln -s blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64 /opt/blackbox_exporter/latest
```

![image.png](/static/img/d15de0f7f9ff5baefbabe2e78dabbd51.image.webp)

systemctl方式開機啟動配置

> 創建node_exporter.service
```
vim /lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service
```
> 輸入以下內容：
```
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/opt/blackbox_exporter/latest/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/opt/blackbox_exporter/latest/blackbox.yml --web.listen-address=:9115
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

```

> 啟動
```
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start blackbox_exporter.service
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter.service
systemctl status blackbox_exporter.service
```

> 查看
```
curl 127.0.0.1:9115
```

![image.png](/static/img/486295937407c96dfdde43a2b16e9d4a.image.webp)

:::warning{title="注意"}
注意檢查防火墻`9115`端口是否開放
:::

## blackbox-exporter实现url监控
修改Prometheus配置，添加Job，内容如下：

```
- job_name: 'blackbox_web_check' # web站点检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-web-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_api_get_check' #  接口返回内容检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-api-get-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_api_post_check' #  接口返回内容检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-api-post-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [http_post_2xx_with_body_params]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口


  - job_name: 'blackbox_port_check' #  端口检测
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-port-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口

  - job_name: 'blackbox_ping_check' # 检测是否可以ping通某些机器
    scrape_interval: 10s
    metrics_path: /probe
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /opt/prometheus/latest/targets/blackbox-ping-check.yml
        refresh_interval: 5s
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.18.25.87:9115 # blackbox-exporter 服务所在的机器和端口
```
配置修改完成后重启Prometheus。然后在界面查看target状态。
```
systemctl restart prometheus.service
```


![image.png](/static/img/75cc830539dae0a3c4a4618aea805744.image.webp)

访问blackbox-exporter界面查看数据

![image.png](/static/img/c8ffcb7db3233c8177bc4ee0393c4c29.image.webp)


參考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43266367/article/details/129110541

CentOS 7 安裝 blackbox-exporter

1、`du`

查看当前目录、所有子目录大小（以KB为计数单位）

![image.png](/static/img/21d89cb2d9cb97b4f8f71814d29209c7.image.webp)

2、`du -h`

查看当前目录、所有子目录大小（以MB为计数单位）

![image.png](/static/img/086195c2b1c81e1b6d5a02cfe6702e33.image.webp)

3、`du -sh`

查看当前目录大小。只展示当前目录的大小，所包含的目录统计在内（以MB为计数单位）

![image.png](/static/img/e35b00050a970897be3670186fc40ac4.image.webp)

4、`du -sh *`

查看当前目录大小。展示所包含的所有目录大小（以MB为单位）

![image.png](/static/img/880b8c08e387dba56678a0b2337eabaf.image.webp)

5、`du -sh * --time`

查看当前目录大小，并展示最近更新时间

![image.png](/static/img/2cf812bff6a6239d33d0a85c7ecd050e.image.webp)

6、`du -sh * | sort -rh` (常用)

查看当前目录大小，并排序

![image.png](/static/img/2264af7643835f0b71bfb7b547c39e80.image.webp)

7、`du -sh * --time | sort -rh` 

查看当前目录大小，展示最近更新时间，并排序

![image.png](/static/img/bc31129a9daf4ee982b609851aae1ef6.image.webp)


轉自：https://blog.csdn.net/A_captain_608/article/details/124359588

CentOS du 命令详解

1、先執行 `df -h` 查看是哪個路徑佔用空間比較大

![image.png](/static/img/95c2e27baad73bc248eebce7ce7958f0.image.webp)

2、進入佔用空間比較大的文件路徑，執行`du -sh * | sort -rh`

![image.png](/static/img/a09fbfb238f074c822443efb07a53583.image.webp)
